In the UK and Ireland they have bank holidays. They are public holidays and banks (and everything else) are closed on those days. Only the essential services (like police, ambulance, firemen, etc) work on these days. Children get the day off school!
There are only 8 bank holidays along the year, compared to the 12 national public holidays we have in Spain. Six of the bank holidays are common to all the UK, and two are specific of each country (England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland).
Most of these days coincide with the traditional European holidays, like Christmas Day or Good Friday. Other bank holidays don't celebrate any particular festivity. Bank holidays are usually on a Monday or Friday.